What Do You Know About the History of the Automobile

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide involving many different innovators. Automobile Defined An automobile or car is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motor and transports passengers. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents led to the evolution of  the modern automobile. Which Was the First Car? There are disagreements as to which automobile was the first actual car. Some claim it was invented in  1769 with the first self-propelled steam-powered military tractor invented by French engineer Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. Others claim it was  Gottlieb Daimlers vehicle in 1885 or Karl Benzs in 1886 when he patented the first gas-powered vehicles. And, depending on your viewpoint, there are others who believe Henry Ford  invented the first true car due to his perfection of the mass production assembly line and the car transmission mechanism that cars today are modeled from. Abbreviated Timeline of the Automobile Dating back to the Renaissance of the 15th century, Leonardo DaVinci  had drafted theoretical plans for the first automobile, as had Sir Isaac Newton a couple of centuries later. Fast forward 40 years after Newtons death to the moment when French engineer Cugnot unveiled the first steam-powered vehicle. And, almost a century after that,  the  first gas-powered car  and  electric vehicles  made their appearance. The introduction of the  mass production assembly line  was a major innovation that revolutionized the automobile industry. Although Ford was credited with  the  assembly line  process, there were others who came before him. Following the introduction of cars came the need for the  complex system of roads  to drive upon. In the U.S., the first agency tasked with managing road development was the Office of Road Inquiry within the Department of Agriculture, established in 1893. Components of the Car There were many inventions that needed to come together to make the modern day cars we know today. From airbags to windshield wipers, here is a review of some of the components and the dates of discovery to give you a comprehensive look at how exhaustive end-to-end development can be. Component Description Airbags Airbags are a safety feature in cars for the protection of vehicle occupants in the event of a collision. The first recorded patent in the U.S. was in 1951. Air Conditioning The first car with a cooling system for vehicle occupants was the 1940 model year Packard. Bendix Starter In 1910, Vincent Bendix patented the Bendix drive for electric starters, an improvement to the hand-cranked starters of the time. Brakes In 1901, British inventor Frederick William Lanchester patented disc brakes. Car Radio In 1929, American Paul Galvin, the head of Galvin Manufacturing Corporation, invented the first car radio. The first car radios were not available from car makers and consumers had to purchase the radios separately. Galvin coined the name Motorola for the companys new products combining the idea of motion and radio. Crash Test Dummies The first crash test dummy was Sierra Sam created in 1949. Crash test dummies were used in place of humans in simulated auto crashes to test the road safety of automobiles created for mass use. Cruise Control Ralph Teetor, a prolific (and blind) inventor, invented cruise control in 1945 to set a steady speed for a car on the road. Differential Differentials are designed to drive a pair of wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds. This invention revolutionized carriage steering in 1810. Driveshaft In 1898, Louis Renault invented the first driveshaft. A driveshaft is a mechanical component for transmitting force and rotation, which connects other components of the drive train, which powers the wheels. Electric Windows Daimler introduced electric windows in cars in 1948. Fender In 1901, Frederick Simms invented the first car fender, which was designed similar to the railway engine buffers of the period. Fuel Injection The first electronic fuel injection system for cars was invented in 1966 in Britain. Gasoline Gasoline, initially a byproduct of kerosene, was discovered to be great fuel for all the new cars that began rolling off the assembly lines. By the early 20th century, the oil companies were producing gasoline as a simple distillate from petroleum. Heater Canadian Thomas Ahearn invented the first electric car heater in 1890. Ignition Charles Kettering was the inventor of the first electrical starter motor ignition system. Internal Combustion Engine An internal combustion engine is an engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder. In 1876, Nikolaus August Otto invented and later patented a successful four-stroke engine, known as the Otto cycle. License Plates The very first license plates were called number plates and were first issued in 1893 in France by the police. In 1901, the state of New York became the first state to require car license plates by law. Spark Plugs Oliver Lodge invented the electric spark plug ignition (the Lodge Igniter) to light the explosive combustion of fuel in the cars engine. Muffler French inventor Eugene Houdry invented the catalytic muffler in 1950. Odometer An odometer records the distance that a vehicle travels. The earliest odometers date back to ancient Rome in 15 BC. However, the modern-day odometer for a carriage that was used to measure mileage was invented in 1854. Seat Belts The first U.S. patent for automobile seat belts was issued to Edward J. Claghorn of New York on February 10, 1885. Supercharger Ferdinand Porsche invented the first supercharged Mercedes-Benz SS SSK sports cars in Stuttgart, Germany in 1923, which gave the combustion engine more power. Third Brake Light In 1974, psychologist John Voevodsky invented the third brake light, a light that is mounted in the base of rear windshields. When drivers press their brakes, a triangle of light will warn following drivers to slow down. Tires Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber that was later used for the first tires. Transmission In 1832, W. H. James invented a rudimentary three-speed transmission. Panhard and Levassor are credited with the invention of the modern transmission installed in their 1895 Panhard. In 1908, Leonard Dyer obtained one of the earliest patents for an automobile transmission. Turn Signals Buick introduced the first electric turn signals in 1938. Power Steering Francis W. Davis invented power steering. In the 1920s, Davis was the chief engineer of the truck division of the Pierce Arrow Motor Car Company and he saw first hand how hard it was to steer heavy vehicles. He developed a hydraulic power steering system that led to power steering. Power steering became commercially available by 1951. Windshield Wipers Prior to the manufacture of Henry Fords Model A, Mary Anderson was granted her first patent for a window cleaning device, later known as windshield wipers, in November 1903.

Dynacorp Case Analysis Essay - 3239 Words

DYNACORP CASE ANALYSIS The political lens sees an organization as â€Å"an arena for competition and conflict among individuals, groups, and other organizations whose interest and goals differ and even clash dramatically† (Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen, amp; Westney, 2005: M-2, 33). It assumes that â€Å"In the political perspective, the roots of conflict lie in different and competing interests, and disagreements require political action, including negotiation, coalition building, and the exercise of power and influence, all of which recognize that rationality is local† (Ancona et al., 2005: M2, 33). I will analyze and explain the concepts within the political landscape to explain the new front end / back end structure at Dyna Corporation,†¦show more content†¦The belief that the group can change has to come from the top, so it is important that Mr. Greystone keeps a positive attitude in line with the decisions made by the Chairman and CEO. Mr. Greystone could be protecting his own job and reputation by having a positive and supportive attitude towards the new initiative. He shows that he is behind the company in the decisions made, and that he believes in Dynacorp’s new direction. Greystone says, â€Å"Now the way we go about that is to assign multifunction and multiproduct account teams to specific customers in specific industries†¦That way, our people are industry specialist, not just product knowledgeable...we are focusing the salesforce on selling customized solutions based on integrating our products†¦by targeting our investments toward growth of sales in specific industries and developing solutions to fit their needs, we’ll rebuild our market share and increase margins† Greystone wants his group to be successful and wants the support of his employees. Moreover his employees with his support behind them might feel like the have the right formula to continue the implementation of the new structure and be supportive of i t. The success of Mr. Greystones group will reflect directly upon him and allow him to maintain a good imagine with his employees and attain possible career advancement within the organization. We will now analyze how different managers within the group regard the new implementation and how it affectsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dynacorp Case2101 Words   |  9 PagesSAMPLE ANALYSIS OF DYNACORP CASE The strategic design lens assumes organizations are deliberate, goal-achieving entities (Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen, Westney, 2005: M-2, 10). In this view, managers can achieve organizational goals by understanding the fundamentals of design and fitting design to strategy, as well as to the larger organizational environment (Ancona et al., 2005: M-2, 12). 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The demand for products was so high that customers wereRead MoreStrategic Design At Dynacorp Corporation1668 Words   |  7 PagesStudent ID: 1000594 Essay: Assignment 1 Strategic Design at Dynacorp The Dyna Corporation, also known as Dynacorp, is a major global information systems and communications company. It had reached its peak in 1980s, known for its technological innovation.Its high quality products were well in demand in the market. The popularity had made them be the leader in the industry. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, Dynacorp gradually lost its leader position among the competitorsRead MoreManaging for the Future Organizational Behavior Processes7280 Words   |  30 Pagesyour custom Ancona textbook: Check Module Order Here to Module in Text PRICE Select (Place numbers in box) Module 1 The New Organization: Taking Action in an Era of Organizational Transformation $7.00 Module 2 Three Lenses on Organizational Analysis and Action $7.00 Module 3 Making Teams Work $7.00 Module 4 Diverse Cognitive Styles in Teams $7.00 Module 5 Team Processes $7.00 Module 6 Teams in Organizations $7.00 Module 7 Workforce Management: Employment Relationships in Changing Organizations

Accounting Gross Revenue Calculation and Net Revenue Calculation

Question: Discuss about theAccountingfor Gross Revenue Calculation and Net Revenue Calculation. Answer: Depicting the Accounting Policy that Might be use by CGC for Recording the Revenue at Gross Amount or Net Amount when FB Credit Agreement Becomes Active: The current scenario mainly states that an effective recoding keeping method could be used by CGC to effectively maintain the transactions conducted on the virtual world. In addition, the scenario effectively depicts that Facebook with CGC will provide the relative credits for purchase of products in the virtual world. Moreover, the scenario also states that Facebook takes the actual cash and provides virtual credited to its users. In addition, Facebook only keeps 30% of the cash that are collected from the users and sends the other 70% to CGC. Radebaugh (2014) stated that companies mainly use different type of accounting method for their virtual, which could in turn help in segregating virtual profits from actual profits. On the other hand, Slemrod (2013) criticises that companies dealing in online shopping system are not able to comprehend the changing business environment. Gross revenue calculation and net revenue calculation is mainly stated, which could be used by CGC for effectively recording. However, the income of CGC has effectively divided its revenue in 70% (CGC) and 30% (Facebook). However the income that is been generated by the company is mainly provided by Facebook after sale of credits. Thus, the company might effectively us the net revenue system to depict its financial statement and portray the overall income that is been generated from sale of Facebook credits. In this context, Cooper, Edey and Peacock (2013) stated that net revenue method is mainly used by companies that have a fixed commission on its sales. On the other hand, Bucheli et al. (2013) criticises that net revenue system mainly loses its friction if the company does not operate under commission method. The scenario also depicts that Facebook, while receiving payment from its clients incurs a financing cost. The financing cost mainly occurs from PayPal, which is 3.5% of the gross amount paid by its customers. However, the fees that is been given to PayPal is effectively paid by Facebook as the cash transaction is the companies responsibility. However, the service charge is mainly deducted from the gross income that is generated from sales of Facebook credits. In addition, charges are only conducted on credit cards and PayPal transactions, which could change the overall net revenue that is been generated by both Facebook and CGC. Weil, Schipper and Francis (2013) mentioned that net revenue method does not allow the company to adjust the overall expenses that is been incurred from online payments. Thus, after the effective evaluation of the scenario CGC needs to use the gross revenue method to depict the exact expenses incurred of the transaction that is been conducted from PayPal and credit cards. The use of gross revenue calculation method could help CGC to segregate the expenses of 3.5% for each transaction and divide the exact amount of net revenues. In addition, as per the evaluation 2014 revenue should be recorded based on gross amount to depict the exact net revenue generated from transactions after the FB credits agreement have been active. Reference: Bucheli, M., Lustig, N., Rossi, M. and Ambile, F., 2013. Social Spending, Taxes, and Income Redistribution in Uruguay.Public Finance Review, p.1091142113493493. Cooper, R., Edey, H.C. and Peacock, A.T., 2013.National income and social accounting. Routledge. Radebaugh, L.H., 2014. Environmental factors influencing the development of accounting objectives, standards and practices in Peru.The international Journal of Accounting Education and Research. Urbana,11(1), pp.39-56. Slemrod, J., 2013. Buenas notches: lines and notches in tax system design.eJournal of Tax Research,11(3), p.259. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013.Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.

Mission Review Essays - University And College Admissions

Mission Review Hello Agent 42701, by the looks of it, I see you have grown quite weary of your post. Not to worry, the agency has new plans for you, a change of pace. We have decided in setting a matter of utmost importance to national security your way. Your impeccable record, highly expansive educational background, and comprehensive training in espionage make you the agencys only choice for this matter. It has come to the attention of the agency that an underground syndicate, also known as Admissions, has brainwashed educational authorities in the state of Florida into allowing the cartel to enter Florida colleges and universities and gather highly sensitive data. Admissions have put themselves in a position to deny high school seniors entry to the graduate school of their choice. Admissions is accomplishing this task through a ploy known as the Application Essay or AP. The agency is most interested in the information that Admissions has gathered through the FSU division. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to infiltrate Admissions and assume the identity of a reviewer. While undercover analyze all documents as any other Admissions reviewer would. Your priority is to gather Intel on one particular student, for security reasons we shall refer to this student as Mister Cheeks. Mr. Cheeks is believed to be of particular interest to Admissions due to his superior writing techniques, vast intelligence, mathematical mastery, and scientific gift. An Admissions henchmen known only to us as The Big Boss is holding the AP of Mr. Cheeks. Your task is to entice The Big Boss using any means you deem as necessary to gain her trust, and the trust of Admissions, when access is acquired to Mr. Cheeks AP produce a copy. Agent 42701, this is a high-risk operation. An elite agent, Cherry Maraciano, was apprehended two weeks ago while infiltrating Admissions. Cherry was able to access Mr. Cheeks writing portfolio and give us her review of it before being captured, she was unable to secure a copy of Mr. Cheeks AP. This is the information Cherry was able to relay before she was seized: Admissions security is minimal; here is what I have learned of Mr. Cheeks. His discipline and attendance records are similar of those of any regular scholar finishing high school. Dont be fooled he is no regular scholar, Mr. Cheeks has all the creativity and dedication of Leonardo Da Vinci yet all the mathematical brilliance of Albert Einstein with a touch of philosophical brilliance that is the likes of Ghandi. His insight to all things magnificent would be a highlight and necessity to any school. His dedication and goals seem to be very All American and would make even Uncle Sam proud and would be a shame to deny because of lack of acceptance from a college or universityyyy......yyyyyyyy.....yyyyyyyyy........yyyyyyyyyy...y.. This is very sensitive material. Due to Mr. Cheeks lordly writing skills, it is to our belief that any reviewer would acknowledge his AP as highly distinguished. So when the time comes, you may do so and admit Mr. Cheeks to FSU. Once you have posed as a reviewer, it is your duty to make copies of these materials, and report to the agency. As always, if you fall victim to Admissions the secretary will disavow any knowledge of your existence. This message will self-destruct in seven seconds. 7654321 Bibliography N/A Acceptance Essays