The Causes of the Downfall of Communism

The Causes of the Downfall of Communism Communism gained a strong foothold in the world during the first half of the 20th century, with one-third of the worlds population living under some form of communism by the 1970s. However, just a decade later, many of the major communist governments around the world toppled. What brought about this collapse? The First Cracks in the Wall By the time Joseph Stalin died in March of 1953, the Soviet Union had emerged as a major industrial power. Despite the reign of terror that defined Stalin’s regime, his death was mourned by thousands of Russians and brought about a general sense of uncertainty about the future of the Communist state. Soon following Stalin’s death, a power struggle ensued for leadership of the Soviet Union. Nikita Khrushchev eventually emerged the victor but the instability that had preceded his ascent to the premiership had emboldened some anti-Communists within the eastern European satellite states. Uprisings in both Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia were quickly quelled but one of the most significant uprisings occurred in East Germany. In June of 1953, workers in East Berlin staged a strike over conditions in the country that soon spread to the rest of the nation. The strike was quickly crushed by East German and Soviet military forces and sent a strong message that any dissent against Communist rule would be dealt with harshly. Nevertheless, unrest continued to spread throughout Eastern Europe and hit a crescendo in 1956, when both Hungary and Poland saw massive demonstrations against Communist rule and Soviet influence. Soviet forces invaded Hungary in November of 1956 to crush what was now being called the Hungarian Revolution. Scores of Hungarians died as a result of the invasion, sending waves of concern throughout the western world. For the time being, the military actions seemed to have put a damper on anti-Communist activity. Just a few decades later, it would start again. The Solidarity Movement The 1980s would see the emergence of another phenomenon that would ultimately chip away at the Soviet Union’s power and influence. The Solidarity movement- championed by the Polish activist Lech Walesa- emerged as a reaction to policies introduced by the Polish Communist Party in 1980. In April 1980, Poland decided to curb food subsidies, which had been a life-line for many Poles suffering through economic difficulties. Polish shipyard workers in the city of Gdansk decided to organize a strike when petitions for wage-increases were denied. The strike quickly spread across the country, with factory workers all over Poland voting to stand in solidarity with the workers in Gdansk. Strikes continued for the next 15 months, with negotiations ongoing between the leaders of Solidarity and the Polish Communist regime. Finally, in October of 1982, the Polish government decided to order full martial law, which saw an end to the Solidarity movement. Despite its ultimate failure, the movement saw a foreshadowing of the end of Communism in Eastern Europe.   Gorbachev In March of 1985, the Soviet Union gained a new leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev was young, forward-thinking, and reform-minded. He knew the Soviet Union faced many internal problems, not the least of which was an economic downturn and a general sense of discontentment with Communism. He wanted to introduce a broad policy of economic restructuring, which he called perestroika. However, Gorbachev knew that the regime’s powerful bureaucrats had often stood in the way of economic reform in the past. He needed to get the people on his side to put pressure on the bureaucrats and thus introduced two new policies: glasnost (meaning ‘openness’) and demokratizatsiya (democratization). They were intended to encourage ordinary Russian citizens to openly voice their concern and unhappiness with the regime. Gorbachev hoped the policies would encourage people to speak out against the central government and thus put pressure on the bureaucrats to approve his intended economic reforms. The policies had their intended effect but soon got out of control. When Russians realized that Gorbachev would not crack down on their newly won freedom of expression, their complaints went far beyond mere discontentment with the regime and the bureaucracy. The whole concept of communism- its history, ideology, and effectiveness as a system of government- came up for debate. These democratization policies made Gorbachev extremely popular both in Russia and abroad. Falling Like Dominoes When people all across Communist Eastern Europe got wind that the Russians would do little to quell dissent, they began to challenge their own regimes and work to develop pluralist systems in their countries. One by one, like dominoes, Eastern Europe’s Communist regimes began to topple. The wave started with Hungary and Poland in 1989 and soon spread to Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania. East Germany, too, was rocked by nation-wide demonstrations that eventually led the regime there to allow its citizens to travel once more to the West. Scores of people crossed the border and both East and West Berliners (who had not had contact in almost 30 years) gathered around the Berlin Wall, dismembering it bit by bit with pickaxes and other tools. The East German government was unable to hold onto power and the reunification of Germany occurred soon after, in 1990. One year later, in December of 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated and ceased to exist. It was the final death knell of the Cold War and marked an end of Communism in Europe, where it had first been established 74 years prior. Although Communism has nearly died out, there are still five countries that remain Communist: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam.

Evaluate A Companys Foundation for Execution Assignment

Evaluate A Companys Foundation for Execution - Assignment Example Thus, operating model comprises elements of business model and tactical abilities of an organisation (Deloitte Development LLC, 2011). Operating Model of IBM IBM is an international leader in information and technology segment. IBM performs in a stable business market, having a large number of competitors such as HP and Dell among others. A successful operating model depends on several external factors such as economic environment, market context and industry conditions along with internal factors (IBM, n.d.). IBM has identified three abilities which are also termed as Three A’s that can enhance the execution of operating model namely aligned, analytical and adaptable as demonstrated in figure 1. Fig 1: The Three A’s of Operating Model Source: (Giesen & et. al., 2009) Aligned Aligned operating model leverages core competences of an organisation and implements consistency across every dimension of business (such as external and internal facets). Traditionally, the core c ompetencies of IBM were its exclusive hardware and software solutions along with strong after sales services. However, the low price strategy of leading competitors has significantly contributed towards fading away the core competencies of IBM. In order to revitalise itself, IBM has changed its core competencies by diversifying the business to certain other segments such as insurance, financial services, retail and transportation in order to provide better information technology (IT) solutions. Furthermore, instead of competing with other rivals, IBM has moved towards the establishment of a strong network, facilitating to strengthen its core competencies with regard to better customer services (Harreld & et. al., 2006). Strategic Alignment of IBM: In operating... Thiss paper stresses that architecture maturity comprises different characteristics which are essential for assisting IT infrastructure of an organisation. The infrastructure exists for helping different operations of an organisation. Adaptive and active enterprise architecture allows organisations to change and manage business process complexities inherent in large organisations such as IBM. As architecture matures, likelihood, process control and efficiency also increase. The enterprise architecture model of IBM comprises organised industry leading functions, industry standards, industry rules, and established solution building blocks. It influences the widespread business domain understanding, along with leveraging fruitful industry skills, technical know-how and thought leadership that IBM possesses and utilises for value creation. This report makes a conclusion that the operating model of IBM helps to deliver a set of reliable and positive business outcomes with proper association amid different components. The operating model of IBM typically contains artefacts demonstrating strategic transformations, business procedures and service based architecture. The operating model demonstrates details about different core dimensions of the business which help to differentiate the organisation from other competitors. It is believed that IBM should constantly innovate and refurbish the operating model in order to seize the ever-present business opportunities.

Marketing to teens worldwide via music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing to teens worldwide via music - Essay Example Apart from hiring most successful pop stars as ambassadors, these organizations have also ventured in to partnership with organizations like Twitter, Amazon, Billboard (with Pepsi), Spotify, YouTube, I-tunes (with Coca Cola). Sponsoring talent hunt shows, signing deals with music labels to help launch new artist and brand albums are the major acts that took place in the recent years (Dyson, 2012). This newfound interest towards music to attract teens by these organization and their steps for achievement of these targets are the reason leading to analyses of this situation. It is a general perception that believes that youngsters are our future, and thus proper investments should be made in them so that the society can have a bright and strong future. This notion is usually associated while planning budget and developing strategies for teens by the government. However, in recent times, it seems as if soda brands like Pepsi and Coca-Cola have adopted this strategy to make the future of their company brighter and stronger. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008 â€Å"teenagers and young adults consume more sugar drinks than other age groups† (NCHS Data Brief, 2011), this data coupled with the soda brand estimated that â€Å"By 2020, one-third of the worlds population, or 2.5 billion people, will be younger than 18. And in the next 10 years, teens in the U.S. will number 31 million† (NCHS Data Brief, 2011). All of this factual data and estimation is enough for these soda brands to target teenagers as their main audience. Recently, Coca-Cola revealed its 2020 vision as per which the company aims to â€Å"increase its revenue to $200 billion and increase its serving to 3 billion by 2020†. All of these endeavours by these giant soda brands to target teens are to achieve its long-term strategic plans of success (Zmuda, 2011). These brands

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Due to significant changes within the criminal justice system in the United States of America, the effort to combat terrorism has grown to be more effective. The terrorist attack that occurred during September 11, 2001, this terrorist attack happen to take place on American soil and become and monumental period in American history. Prior to September 11, 2001, the United States was more in a relax mode when regarding to a federal, state, and local problems. The resources were not leveraged in certain cities and the capacity tended to focus on terrorism. The changes that required significant analysis on the attacks reflected how the country and local agencies around the country have adjusted to the threat of terrorism. A major component in the criminal justice system has contributed to the adjustment of the attack for the Department of Homeland Security. See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay I would consider using the Patriot Act which is defined as a response to terrorist attacks to September 11th, significantly reduced restrictions in a law enforcement agency. The intelligence of gathering information is for the United States of America. The combat efforts that I have gathered to aid my situation and provision of the Patriot Act are to prevent another catastrophic attack on United States soil. I have already proved extraordinarily beneficial for the war on terrorism that we have to the opportunity to use and tackle it head on. By resulting in a free flow of information that can be retrieve and coordinated between different law enforcement agencies can help produce the intelligence information that is need to show the expansion of our ability to use all appropriate resources to prevent terrorism. My next step is trying and improves the technology in the US. Many experts tend to think that it is unnecessary for us to focus on vehicle crossing the borders. Majority of the vehicles crossing the border could be the most dangerous, because they will be transporting massive equipment to cause disruptions in the United States. The process to stay alert and aware of the different types of technology will be critical for us to stay afloat. Reference FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov

The Ethics of Terraformation Essay -- Space Technology Science Essays

The Ethics of Terraformation What is Terraformation? The point of terraforming is to change an uninhabitable terrestrial planet into one that can support human life on the surface. Terraforming is a massive undertaking, and it involves altering a whole planet's climate, geology, and life. It entails the destruction of land masses and geological features billions of years old, elevating the global temperature, and flooding the surface with vast oceans. The most relevant to this discussion is the releasing of thousands of species from another planet to live and breed, altering the atmospheric makeup with every breath. [1] Ever since terraformation was imagined years ago, people began to ask if it was ethical. Changing a whole planet to fit our desires seemed like a religious authority that doesn’t fit in the hands of humans. Science has developed since then and with it, changes in bioengineering. We are "playing God" to a degree that not even science fiction could imagine. But have we actually changed? We read in the news or see on the television everyday about parties of environmental protesters lobbying for protection of natural resources or preservation of our national parks. The majority of the public believes that our environment requires our immediate attention.[2] On Mars it will be the same. There will be individuals who are pro-terraforming and those who are against it. There will be extremists and neutralists. In Red Mars, by Kim Stanley Robinson, the sides are designated by colors. "Greens", or terraforming supporters, are in constant conflict with the "Reds".[3] These have become the most common terms for describing people involved in terraformation debates. Why Mars? People have been captivated wit... .... [6] Hamilton [7] Hamilton [8] Hamilton [9] Hamilton [10] NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mars Exploration Rover Mission, 2004, California Institute of Technology, 10 Feb. 2004, <http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/spirit/20040112a.html > [11] NASA. [12] NASA. [13] Graham. [14] Graham [15] Graham [16] Moore [17] DeVincenzi, D. L., P. Stabekis, and J. Barengoltz, Refinement of Planetary Protection Policy for Mars Missions, Adv. Space Res., 1996 Vol. 18, No. 1 <http://library.thinkquest.org/11967/ppp4m.html?tqskip1=1> [18] DeVincenzi [19] Terraforming Mars, 2002, Science Forum, 13 Feb. 2004, <http://www.sciencegroups.com/viewtopic.php?t=9915> [20] Barbour, Ian G., Ethics is an Age of Technology, (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1991) 66. [21] Barbour, 64. [22] Barbour, 69. [23] Barbour, 79.

Integrating Facebook In Teaching And Learning Education Essay

In this information age people are interacting with a assortment of new engineerings that people in different places try to utilize them to ease their occupations and come up with good consequences. Educators are besides be givening to utilize those engineering tools for more effectual instruction and acquisition by prosecuting and actuating scholars in the acquisition procedure. One of those technological tools is societal networking web sites. Among societal networking web sites facebook is the most popular one which has sucked a immense sum of young person to utilize it for communicating and practical societal interaction. As a effect, many instructors are trying to do a usage of facebook to better the larning out comes and do the acquisition more interesting to the scholars sing to the young person battle in the facebook use and the monolithic sum of clip which they spend in this practical environment. On the other manus, it is important for the pedagogues to cognize which type o f larning manner can profit more from utilizing this sort of engineering or whether there is a large difference in willingness of different acquisition manners for disbursement clip in facebook or non. Facebook is the most used societal web by worldwide active users which was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004 as Harvard-only societal web site. This societal web web site was able to pull a immense sum of users specially youth in a short period of clip. Right now it has more than 500 million active users around the universe. Actually, Facebook is defined as â€Å" a societal public-service corporation that helps people portion information and communicate more expeditiously with their friends, household, and coworkers † ( facebook.com ) . Although at first facebook was launched as Harvard societal web but developed to affect and prosecute other high school pupils, professionals inside corporate webs, and finally everyone who have entree to the on-line universe ( Cassidy, 2006 ) . Facebook allows users to make a personal profile while leting for information sharing, communicating, exposure albums, making a friends list, organizing or using to societal involvement groups, and different sorts of on-line games. In drumhead, Facebook members can portion their exposures, send messages, chat, tag themselves or others on exposures, write on friends ‘ walls, articulation groups, create new groups, portion thoughts in group treatments, add sorts of applications, and play games in Facebook. Facebook has been accessed by 1000000s of users in a short clip while going a portion of users ‘ day-to-day lives ( Ellison, Steinfield, & A ; Lampe, 2007 ; Selwyn, 2007a ) . Some maps and capablenesss of facebook such as enabling equal feedback, goodness of tantrum with societal context, and interaction tools make facebook an educational tool ( Mason, 2006 ) . Learning Manners The impression of larning manners is all about the ways which a scholar prefers to utilize when he/she is larning and retrieving new cognition ( Funda Dag & A ; Aynur Gecer, 2009 ) . Furthermore, Simsek ( 2001 ) stated that larning manner is a group of factors which determines how the pupils psychologically perceive, interact and response to larning environments. Harmonizing to Felder ( 1996 ) , every scholar prefers to larn otherwise. Some scholars can larn in an synergistic relationship with their friends and instructors and sing things by themselves, the others learn with a ocular presence of stuffs and information, and some scholars prefer to do usage of written stuffs and they agree that verbal accounts are more helpful to them. Therefore cognizing about the acquisition manners of the scholars is of import either for pedagogues or scholars. It could be utile for instructors because they will acquire a clear thought about how to learn persons with different larning penchants and besides it would be effectual for scholars to cognize how they learn better and easier. Indeed, there are some popular theoretical accounts to categorise larning manners such as ; David kolb ‘s theoretical account, Honey and mumford ‘s theoretical account, Anthony Gregorc ‘s theoretical account, Sudbury theoretical account of democratic instruction, and Fleming ‘s VAK/VARK theoretical account of larning manners. For the purpose of this survey Fleming ‘s VAK/VARK study was used to research different larning manners of research participants and see how different acquisition manners spend clip in facebook. VARK study tool was created in 1998 to research persons ‘ different acquisition manners. Alkhasawneh, Mrayyan, Docherty, Alashram, Yousef, ( 2007 ) , described ; â€Å" aˆÂ ¦VARK is based upon cognitive development work by Bruner ( 1967 ) and Piaget ( 1990 ) who argued that worlds assimilate environmental cognition through four centripetal modes: ocular, aural, reading and composing, and kinaesthetic ( utilizing tactile centripetal abilities such as a odor and touch ) . VARK is an acronym for Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic ( Fleming, 2004 ) . VARK is an instrument that is speedy and easy for pupils to utilize and understand. It creates an consciousness of larning manners and provides motive to seek betterments in their acquisition penchant. †MethodInstrument Data is collected by administrating an online and manual study. The study is consists of two subdivisions, the first subdivision leads participants to an on-line VARK questionnaire ( http: //vark-learn.com/english/page.asp? p=quetionnaire ) . Students are required to describe their tonss in an online VARK acquisition manners questionnaire in the manual questionnaire. The 2nd portion of the manual questionnaire consists of two parts. In the first portion, participants were required to reply five demographic inquiries include of their name, age, electronic mail reference, gender, facebook ID. Furthermore, the topographic point where they have normally entree to the Internet, length of clip spent online in facebook, and their rank in any academic group were collected. The 2nd portion, 5-point Likert graduated table with 6 inquiries, was measured participants ‘ clip spent for different activities in facebook. These six inquiries were developed by research worker based on different maps exist in facebook and different activities that a facebook user is able to make. Participants Data was collected from 36 signifier four Malayan Chinese pupils ( 14 Male and22 female ) from SMJK Kwang Hua School in province of Selangor, Kelang. The whole of participants are at the age of 16 old ages old. Two pupils of these 36 are non facebook users. The questionnaires were distributed among pupils and they were expected to make full up them at place sing to their entree to the Internet at place to make full up larning manners questionnaire.Date analysis and consequencesLearning manners:Learning MannersOcularAuralRead/WriteKinestheticEntireMaleFemaleFrequency88614361422Table1: Frequency of each learning manner among participants Harmonizing to pupils ‘ studies on their acquisition manners tonss, among 36 signifier 4 pupils, there are 14 kinaesthetic ( 39 % ) , six read/write ( 17 % ) , eight aural ( 22 % ) , and eight visual ( 22 % ) . The consequences validated this statement from Suffolk County Council ( 2002 ) , â€Å" It has been estimated that up to 37 % of the population are kinaesthetic scholars†¦ . †Different acquisition manners and clip spent in facebookData was collected shows that there are some differences among different larning manners on clip spent in facebook and different activity penchants. The holla tabular array showsQ1: E-PQ2: CHAQ3: ObQ4: ActQ5: W-VQ6: SHAfb/Internetnorm of clip devouring in fbOcular1.252.253.52.52153 %8.1Aural0.752.53.753.252.751.553.5 %5.5Read/Write0.81.62.42.42272 %6.5Kinesthetic0.613.3843.382.921.2364 %8.2Mean0.852.433.412.882.411.43South dakota0.27 0.730.70.50.480.42Table 2: Average of clip spent for each activity in facebook by different acquisition manners scholars Indeed, this tabular array shows ocular and kinaesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 8.1 & A ; 8.2hour/week ) among other scholars in facebook whereas, aural scholars spend the lowest clip in facebook ( 5.5hour/week ) among other scholars. Another consequence which is interesting is that read/write scholars spend about 72 per centum of their clip online in facebook. Chart 1: Different activities in facebook ; Q1: E-P: Educational Purposes Q2: CHA: Chatting Online With Friends Q3: Ob: Reading or Detecting What Others Do Q4: Act: Doing Activities in Facebook Q5: W-V: Watching Videos Q6: SHA: Sharing News and Information about School Harmonizing to the above tabular array and chart ocular, aural, and kinaesthetic scholars spend the highest clip in facebook â€Å" lurking † or reading others ‘ stations while read/write scholars spend an equal clip in facebook lurking and besides to make activities such as composing a position or uploading a image. In fact, pupils with different sorts of tilting manners spend the highest clip in facebook to detect and read whatever their friends do or skulking. On the other manus, pupils with any acquisition manners spend the lowest clip in facebook for educational intents. In fact, ocular scholars spend the highest clip ( 1.25 hour/week ) for educational intents among other larning manners where as kinaesthetic scholars spend the lowest clip ( 0.61 hour/week ) for educational intents. Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 3.38 hours/week ) to chew the fat with their friends while read/write scholars spend the lowest clip ( 1.6 hours/week ) to chew the fat with their friends among other larning manners. Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 4 hours/week ) to detect and read others ‘ activities while read/write learning manner scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2.4 hours/week ) . Kinesthetic scholars spend highest clip to make activities in facebook ( 3.38 hours/week ) while read/write learning manner scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2.4 hours/week ) . Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip to watch picture in facebook ( 2.93 hours/week ) , while ocular and read/write scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2 hours/week ) . Read/write scholars manner spend highest clip ( 2 hours/week ) to portion intelligence and information about school and classs while ocular scholars spend the lowest clip ( 1 hour/week ) . Students with read/write larning penchant spend 72 % of their clip online in facebook which it shows although they are non on-line every bit much as others but they spend most of their clip in facebook.Findingss and Discussi onThis survey aimed to calculate out the sum of clip spent in facebook for pupils with different larning manners and besides to happen out activity penchants of facebook users with different larning manners. Sing to the consequences there are some differences in clip spent in facebook for different acquisition manners. For case, the consequences show that ocular and kinaesthetic scholars claimed more clip spent in facebook so it can be concluded that this environment is more interesting and prosecuting to these types of scholars but it does n't intend that this environment is non suited for the other types of scholars with different larning manners like aural or read/write scholars. So any type of larning manners can profit from this environment and instructors can do a smart usage of this societal web web site to prosecute pupils in larning procedure and besides to enrich their acquisition. Furthermore, consequences show that each type of larning manners is interested in skulking o r reading and detecting whatever others do. In this respect, instructors should take into see this sort of pupils ‘ involvement in their instruction schemes and teaching methods. Actually, this is the teacher function to plan, construction, and program in a manner to do the facebook an educational environment. It can be done when a instructor uses facebook in a manner it is and in a manner that it engages pupils to remain in it for a long clip. Teachers should look at the nature of facebook and inquire themselves what has made the facebook popular like this. What is the facebook power that keeps people interested about it? To reply these inquiries some researches should be done. Harmonizing to some surveies that have been done, societal presence and interaction among people could be a ground for this attraction. People enjoy of societal interactivities and showing their sentiments in societal environment. They like to talk out to show themselves and they have wonder to cognize about others. Many instructors tend to utilize facebook for educational purposes because they know most of pupils are interested in utilizing facebook but they face some challenges in the manner of utilizing it because they want to utilize it in a similar manner that they use any other online tools like wikis, moodle, or educational web sites whereas, facebook has a different nature. Teachers can believe about facebook in a different manner. In a manner to reenforce face to confront schoolroom larning. They should inquire pupils to come to the facebook and portion their perceptual experiences, believes, thoughts, sentiments, and definitions about different constructs and topics to acquire more familiar with each other ‘s perceptual experiences, acquire more thoughts about different educational affairs and open up their heads about different affairs. For case, a mathematics instructor begins learning fractions in schoolroom and so asks pupils to take part in their class facebo ok group and reply the instructor ‘s inquiry. The inquiry could be why do we hold to larn fraction? Why it is of import to larn about fraction and it can be used in our life? To reply these inquiries pupils have to believe, hunt, and explore and so come up with different replies and discuss with their schoolmates about their findings. Right now, the instructor can do certain that they are more interested in larning fraction because they know how of import is the acquisition of this subject and furthermore they will be more curiose to see is their sentiments and thoughts about fraction comes true or non. Actually this survey has some restrictions. First, because the information was collected from merely 36 Chinese race pupils, it could non be generalized. In add-on, it has been limited to a study method. The consequences could be more accurate if there were some qualitative methods of informations aggregation.DecisionSocial webs, particularly facebook are used by a immense sum of pupils anyplace in the universe. As a consequence, most of instructors are interested in utilizing this societal environment to prosecute pupils in larning procedure. It is important for instructors to cognize whether facebook is suited for all pupils with any type of larning penchants or non. This survey showed that ocular and kinaesthetic scholars spend more clip in facebook but it does n't intend that the other types of acquisition manners do n't utilize facebook. Indeed, it depends more on instructors to take the best scheme to suit the demands of any type of larning penchants. Teachers should reply this inquiry ; â€Å" How to prosecute my pupils in an academic facebook group? † or â€Å" what makes the facebook so popular among young person and how to do a usage of this characteristic to prosecute pupils in larning activities? † This survey has been done on a little group of participants ( 36, 16 twelvemonth old pupils ) . Further surveies should be done on mo re sums of samples. Furthermore, some surveies should be conducted to happen out in which manner educational usage of facebook can be more interesting for scholars.

Argumentative Essay on Why I Think Marijuana Should Be Legalized

Introduction The debate for and against the legalization of Marijuana has been one of the most controversial issue in politics in the recent past. Nonetheless, it can be noted that the use of marijuana for medical purposes has existed for thousands of years in many countries (Randall 34). However, in many of these countries, the use of marijuana has been illegal and it can be noted that the substance has been decriminalized in most of them. Nevertheless, in the recent past, some of the countries have started to come up with various legislation that are permitting the usage of marijuana for medical purposes only (Stampp 64). For instance in the US, it has been highlighted that the usage of marijuana is illegal in most of the states under the federal controlled substances Act of 1970 (Randall, 87). Alice Wade smokes marijuana, recommended by her pain management physician, to help her chronic pain. Alice is suffering from chronic digestive problems, which causes her unbearable pain.   Alice Wade uses the prescribed marijuana to magnify the effect of the painkillers and helps her use less of the pharmaceutical drugs and reduces the risks of addiction and digestive problems. Alice Wade cannot manage her pain without the use of Marijuana. She feels that it gives her a better quality of life where she can function normally on a daily basis. In terms of healthcare costs, Alice wade has suggested that marijuana has assisted her to save cost associated with treating some of the diseases since she can use marijuana locally. Furthermore, she alleges that hemp is useful as a source of fuel and it can be used to replace plastics, which are harmful to the environment.   Alice Wade is example of how marijuana can also be used for medical purposes. Marijuana (grass, pot, and weed) is a dry shredded green and brown mixture of stems, leaves .seeds and flowers which comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The main active ingredient or chemical is THC (delta -9 tetrahydrocannnabinol) which causes one to experience its ‘high†.   Although  Ã‚   illegal, Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug in the United States.   Although legal in 10 states, medical marijuana has now been relegated to the control of the federal government. Medical marijuana is not considered an effective pain reliever. Former US Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders, said it perfectly; The evidence is overwhelming that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS or by the harsh drugs sometimes used to treat them. And it can do so with remarkable safety. Indeed, marijuana is less toxic than many of the drugs that physicians prescribe every day. Throughout recent years there has been endless arguments on whether marijuana should remain illegal or in fact become be legalized. Research shows that although marijuana can be linked to serious side effects the result of legalizing the popular drug could do endless effects for our economy. Marijuana is the largest cash crop produced in the US and nearly 69 million Americans over the age of 12 have tried marijuana at least once in their lifetime. (1) Many users say that do it because of the â€Å"high† sensation they receive from the THC. It has also been on record that people smoke because of social pressures or because they feel that it relaxes them and clears there worries. Alcohol and other similar drugs are known to have the same effects of clearing away ones problems and worries. However marijuana has no documented deaths while the legal drug such as alcohol has about 85,000 deaths annually (2).   Based on the data it seems that marijuana should be the legal drug beca use of the less dangerous and life threatening effects. But this isn’t the case; alcohol is legal while cannabis is banned. Not everyone agrees with the law about marijuana being illegal and thus brought up a valid question, Should marijuana be legalized. The proponents of legalization of marijuana have been arguing that there is a need of legalization of it due to a number of reasons. For instance, it has been suggested that marijuana has a lot of medical value. As it can be noted, the American Medical Associated argued that the drug should be legalized so as it can be used in the treatment of terminally ill diseases (Saffer 29). For instance, it has been highlighted that Aids patients say that the use of the substance usually stimulate appetites and hence when they use the drug, they will be able to fight the disease.   On the other hand, it has been attributed that patients who suffer from glaucoma and have used marijuana have reported that it usually prevent them from going blind (Stampp 78). For the cancer patients, it has been said that marijuana usage alleviated the severe nausea that is often accompanies by chemotherapy and sometimes makes life saving treatment impossible (Saffer 56). Marijuana (grass, pot, and weed) is a dry shredded green and brown mixture of stems, leaves .seeds and flowers which comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The main active ingredient or chemical is THC (delta -9 tetrahydrocannnabinol) which causes one to experience its ‘high†.   Although  Ã‚   illegal, Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug in the United States. The main mind-altering ingredient in marijuana is THC and is the ingredient that causes one to experience its â€Å"high† (3). Altogether, it is evident that marijuana has a lot of medical use and hence it should be legalization. Furthermore, there are several dangerous products than marijuana such as cigarettes and alcohol, which are legal, and hence the proponents of legalization of marijuana term the law to the unjust. On the other hand, it has been suggested that marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substance known to man and hence it can be used within a supervised routine of medical care (Stampp, 2006). Likewise, statistic show that cigarette smoking and abuse of alcohol is harmful to a person health and many deaths have been associated with the use of these two substances but extreme smoking of marijuana only makes a person sleep. Therefore, there is a need of legalizing marijuana because when it is compared with alcohol and cigarettes, which is legal, marijuana is less fatal. According to research that was carried out by the American Medical Association, they in dicated that the only confirmed negative effect of marijuana is caused by smoking it, since it contains three times more tar and five times more carbon monoxide than tobacco (Randall, 2007). The critics against the legalization of marijuana argue that it is wrong for the legalization of marijuana due to a number of reasons. In the first place, they argue that by legalizing marijuana, crime rates will increase since a lot of criminal who have been caught in other criminal offences tend to use this drug. On the other hand, the opponents for the legalization of marijuana say that the government should not be involved with the distribution of a substance, which is considered immoral by the society, and therefore the government should not legalize it (Saffer 89). This is because, a substance that is seen by the society to be unhealthy should not be promoted by the government since the goals of the government is protecting the health of its citizens and by legalizing it, the government will fail to carry its roles in protecting the lives and health of its citizens. Elsewhere, the opponents of legalization of marijuana have pointed that there are various social and health cost that would be incurred indirectly if marijuana is legalized and hence the costs will automatically outweigh the direct impact which will be created by legalizing it (Stampp 45). For instance, they opponents on legalization of marijuana have argued that there would be an increase in lung related ailments, especially lung cancer and this will make the government use a lot of money in treatment of diseases that are related to marijuana. In addition, since marijuana is addictive, many schoolchildren will drop out of school due to the use of the substance and other people will lose their jobs because of the effects associated with marijuana. I do have questions about the platform to legalize marijuana.   The million dollar media campaigning to legalize it by focusing on people suffering from illnesses and using marijuana for medical purposes to ease their discomfort from their diseases.   There are social and cultural issues that also need to be addressed.   These campaigns are sending the message to the youth in the country that using marijuana is harmless and will help with any pain one may be having.   Because of the ads and the push to legalize marijuana, there has been an increase in the use among high school teens. By sending these messages out by mass media, are we denying drug problems in our country and actually encouraging using marijuana, which is illegal. We have a moral responsibility to protect our youth and these ads undermine the drug prevention efforts used to keep teens off illegal drugs. While Marijuana has multiple reasons why it should be banned, One California’s prominent issues facing voters on the ballot is proposition 19. This proposition is to â€Å"Regulate Control and Tax Cannabis Act of 2010.† In America, today there are millions who frequently smoke marijuana. In addition there are millions more who smoke in social settings but not on a daily basis. Marijuana is prohibited and illegal however, the use, production and sale have not stopped. California however has come up with a proposition on legalizing the drug. Legalizing the drug can do endless help to our economy. Proposition 19 had three main reasons for why marijuana should be legalized. Tax money, potential money from criminal penalties and marijuana used for medical purposes. In order to purchase this illegal drug, one has to find a drug dealer. Prohibition of marijuana has led to criminal penalties for over 75 years and yet over 25 million people annually purchase and use marijuana. Due to the U.S. policy on drugs, there is great emphasis on arresting individuals for smoking marijuana. 5.9 million Americans have been arrested on Marijuana charges since 1990. Marijuana violations in 2000 recorded over 734,498 arrests. The majority of the arrests were for simple marijuana possession violations. According to the FBI statistics, one marijuana smoker is arrested every 45 seconds in the U.S. The number of marijuana offense arrests for 2000 far exceeds the combined arrests for violent crimes. The illegal drug causes many inter city deputes over it between gangs as well. While law enforcements could be focusing on stopping murders and serious drug dealers and criminals, According to the book, Marijuana: a Look at the Scientific Evidence, â€Å"After the sale of all seized drug assets the U.S taxpayer spent about 20 billion per year just for the police enforcement and investigation of marijuana alone. This does not include the amount we pay for other drugs every year or for the incarceration of marijuana users and dealers.† If dollar saved on police enforcement of marijuana, is a dollar earned, then it would be the same about 20 billion dollars a year could be saved if marijuana was legal. While the USA is in a current economic slump, we could really benefit from an extra 20 billion a year along with the relived stress of searching for illegal marijuana users. The legalization of marijuana to me would also get ride of some of the drug gangs fighting over marijuana everyday. Current drug gangs are making huge profits from selling and disturbing marijuana. Why couldn’t the economy make that money instead? The cost would be similar to the current cost; however, the profit would be going to the government in the form of tax revenue instead of to drug dealers. If we were to legalize marijuana, we would add significant taxes to any purchase of the drug. Just like cigarettes and beer people are still going to purchase them despite the tax. A professor at Harvard, Jeffery Miron, put the estimate at around $6.2 billion dollars a year in tax revenue if weed was legalized. Along with that 20 billion from criminal enforcement earlier, the economy would have a nice amount of money could help save / create more even more jobs, thus help bring our economy out of recession. Although legal in 10 states, medical marijuana has now been relegated to the control of the federal government. Medical marijuana is not considered an effective pain reliever. Former US Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders said it perfectly The evidence is overwhelming that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS or by the harsh drugs sometimes used to treat them. And it can do so with remarkable safety. Indeed, marijuana is less toxic than many of the drugs that physicians prescribe every day. I was not sure where I stood on the marijuana debate. I don’t smoke marijuana and I really didn’t know that so many people smoked it before doing this research. I would have to say that I now question why it is not legal. From my research, I know that is not as addictive as prescription drugs or alcohol. I know that it is sold by drug rings and they are making millions and causing many drug wars and deaths. I also know that it would be huge revenue for many states if it was legalized. In addition, it would benefit law enforcement and save millions in arrests, and incarcerations. A regulated legal market for marijuana would reduce the use of marijuana for underage teenagers and also lessen their exposure to more addictive illegal drugs.   Should individuals be denied to use marijuana for medical purposes?   What is the difference from taking a shot or pill for pain and smoking a joint of marijuana for pain relief?   I do know that in order to legalize marijuana, th e law would have to have set laws to regulate its use and distribution. The U.S. needs to legalize marijuana since people are going to smoke it, buy it and distribute it regardless. I say get smart and get the dealers out of the picture, save our law enforcement from spending most of their time arresting users, ease our over crowded jails and prisons. They should focus on the drugs that are really doing harm. The economy can be greatly effected by in extra income and help increased jobs and get us out of any economic slump. The legalization of Marijuana would give the U.S. the opportunity to grow hemp as a valuable and diverse agricultural crop but the biggest obstacle is opposition to legal marijuana so the U.S. is not recognizing hemp as a valuable agricultural commodity. Although Marijuana has not been legalized in Canada and most European countries, they have still managed to support legal hemp cultivation.   Recognizing the opportunity to develop hemp as a bio fuel and an alternative to oil, used as a fuel source and a way to reduce carbon emissions would also help the economy.   Legalizing marijuana would simplify the burden of the hemp production in the United States. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the debate on marijuana is a hot topic. However, from the analysis contained in this paper, it is evident that the advantages of legalizing the substance outweigh the disadvantages of legalizing it and hence there is a need of legalizing it. Furthermore, it is evident that marijuana has many uses especially medicinal uses and hence it is important to legalize it. Through passing legislation allowing the use of marijuana, the government will also be able to generate a lot of revenue and hence helping the economy of the country. Nonetheless, since there is no tangible evident showing that the use of marijuana causes death and it is not physically addictive like cigarettes and alcohol, I believe that it is high time for it to be legalized.   Altogether, the issue of marijuana being an illegal substance does not have any form of validity and hence it should be legalized but its use should be somehow controlled. Works Cited Saffer, James. â€Å"The Effect of Marijuana Decriminalization,† London: W.W. Norton Publishers, 2006. Stampp, Legalization of Marijuana. 7th ed. New York: Addison Wesley, 2006. Korematzu, R. S.advantages of legalizing marijuana; -Berkeleys School of Information. 2008. Web. 2 Nov 1999. Roe ,W. Advantages and disadvantages of legalizing marijuana. Black Sheep Farm, USA. 1944. Web. 2 Nov   2005. Joseph, fritz. PBS Free to Choose 2010 Vol. 4 of 6- Historical Record of Cannabis and the Conspiracy against Marijuana. 2010. Web. 30 July 2010. http://www.marijuana-addiction.info/Marijuana_Statistics.htm. Dudley, Donnelly. PBS Free to Choose 2010 Vol. 2 of 5 Budgetary Implications of  Marijuana Prohibition, 2010. Web. 30 July 2010. http://drugwarfacts.org/cms/?q=node/30 Joseph, fritz. PBS Free to Choose 2010 Vol. 4 of 6- Historical Record of Cannabis and   the Conspiracy against Marijuana. 2010. Web. 30 July 2010. http://www.marijuana- addiction.info/Marijuana_Statistics.htm. Gunia, Mexwell. Marijuana Prohibition, 2010. Web. 30 July   2005. http://alcoholism.about.com/od/pot/a/effects.-Lya.htm